In recent years, researchers and medical professionals have taken a keen interest in a surprising potential ally in the fight against colorectal cancer: aspirin. Known primarily as a common pain reliever and heart health aid, aspirin may also play a role in cancer prevention—particularly colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.

What the Research Says

Multiple studies have suggested that regular use of aspirin may lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has even recommended low-dose aspirin therapy for certain individuals aged 50 to 59 who are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and have a low risk of bleeding. One of the potential added benefits? A reduced risk of colorectal cancer over time.

A 2016 study published in JAMA Oncology found that consistent aspirin use was associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer. Other long-term studies have echoed these findings, especially among individuals who took aspirin for more than 10 years.

How It Might Work

Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug, and chronic inflammation is known to contribute to the development of several cancers, including colorectal cancer. By inhibiting enzymes that promote inflammation (COX-1 and COX-2), aspirin may help reduce the formation of polyps—abnormal growths in the colon that can become cancerous over time.

Additionally, aspirin may interfere with cancer cell growth and help trigger apoptosis, the process by which damaged or abnormal cells self-destruct.

Who Might Benefit?

While the idea of a daily aspirin sounds appealing, it’s not for everyone. Aspirin can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and hemorrhagic stroke. As a result, its use for cancer prevention should be carefully weighed, especially in people with a history of bleeding disorders or stomach issues.

Healthcare providers often consider several factors before recommending aspirin therapy for cancer prevention, including:

• Age

• Family history of colorectal cancer

• Personal medical history (e.g., polyps, inflammatory bowel disease)

• Cardiovascular risk

  
  

The Bottom Line

Aspirin shows promise as a preventive measure against colorectal cancer, especially in certain high-risk individuals. However, it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. If you're considering aspirin therapy for cancer prevention, it’s essential to have a conversation with your healthcare provider. They can help you weigh the potential benefits against the risks and decide whether it's a good fit for your personal health profile.